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vLLM: Assert-based security check bypassed in optimized mode allows arbitrary code execution

An assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading is stripped when Python runs in optimized mode, allowing arbitrary code execution via a mal

17 Jun 2026Read 1 minSeverity: act now

What changed

An assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading is stripped when Python runs in optimized mode, allowing arbitrary code execution via a malicious HuggingFace model.

Who it affects

Users loading cross-encoder models (e.g., BERT, RoBERTa) with vLLM running under `python -O` or `PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1`.

What to do today

Update vLLM to the latest commit that replaces the assert with an explicit conditional raise, or avoid running vLLM with Python optimization enabled.

The trail
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